thatwhich的用法区别 thatwhowhich的用法

1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物.在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐.（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略.例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市.（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看.（作宾语）

注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构.例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说.（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上.例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人.（3）that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面.例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远.（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人.b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车.d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的.

（5）关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如：What‘s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间.c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如：Tom came back,which made us happy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴.五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语.例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间.（2）where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语.例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点.（3）why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用.例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到.